Main questions about CNC.
What is CNC? CNC is the abbreviation of the initials of the English expression Computer Numeric Control. CNC, which is a type of lathe designed to facilitate and serialize jobs that require manpower, is called “Computer Aided Numerical Control”. Its purpose is to control machine tools with numerical commands and the help of computers. CNC lathes mass produce work pieces in a short time with the specified size, feed and speed, thanks to NC programs used with computer control.
CNC is frequently used in the machinery, agriculture and automotive sectors. CNC machines are ideal for serial, error-free production in manufacturing. With the computerized control unit, technical and offset information can be stored permanently in the memory of CNC machines. The program can be intervened at every stage of production and desired changes can be made.
CNC machine is a machine created by adding computer support to the Numerical Control (NC) system. Common machine tools that can work with CNC include:
* Lathe Machine
* Milling machine
* Drilling machine
* Boring Machine
* There is a Grinding Machine.
The physical design and construction of CNC machine tools are the same as NC machines. However, a number of functional features that are not possible and economical to be made in NC machine tools have been added to CNC machines. CNC machine features are as follows;
* CNC machine programs can be stored in memory and used repeatedly.
* Even if the power of the CNC machine is cut off, the program etc. data is not lost.
* Changes can be made in cnc machine programs at any time.
* Subprograms can be added in addition to the main program. Thus, while the main program is being executed, these subprograms are called where necessary, and the process is completed.
* With the cutter compensation feature, certain size adjustments can be made by the machine during program execution.
* When the cutter is broken, the program can be continued from where it was left off with a cutter of different diameter.
* The surface quality and precision obtained are incomparably better than conventional machines (Conventional Machines).
* It has the advantage of being able to communicate with many computers and systems.
* Before manufacturing, the part can be previewed graphically with the help of the Visual Display Unit.
* Cutting tools can be changed automatically with the help of CNC.
Before answering your questions about what CNC is for and how CNC works, let’s talk about CNC usage areas. The system was first used in three-axis milling machines and was later used in lathes, grinders, etc. also applied to machine tools. Today, CNC is used in almost every field of manufacturing. Areas where CNC machine is used;
* Aviation
* Defense
* Automotive
* Consumer goods
* Furniture
* Spare part
CNC machines are also used in machining and welding. It is an excellent technology that meets the needs of every manufacturing sector. CNC machine can be used in the production of model molds, mockup productions, and spaces designed for theme parks in the advertising industry.
To answer the question of how CNC works, it is necessary to use CNC simulation or manufacturing programs to activate the tools on the machine or to process a part. With G codes, which are the common language of CNC machines, the control unit conveys to the servo axes which movements to make, at what speed and in which order. These operations, saved as NC files, are transferred to the CNC machine with the help of a flash memory.
Final checks are made on the screen in the CNC machine system and after approval, the operations are carried out by the machine. Manufacturing time varies depending on program details.
Now that we have answered your question about how to use CNC, let us also give information about the advantages of CNC machines, which is another curious topic. The information on our page may be useful for companies that are undecided about investing.
* CNC machine is a system whose adjustment time is shorter than other machines.
* Minimizes adjustment, measurement and control times.
* CNC machines eliminate the human factor. Therefore, it provides serial and precise production.
* Thanks to CNC, machine operations are performed with high precision.
* Working speed is always the same on CNC machines.
* Electricity and material costs are low.
* Mold, gauge, template etc. The system is cheaper because it does not use any additional personnel.
* There is no storage space problem.
* Changes can be made at any point and without wasting time.
Production is more flexible and comfortable when using CNC machines. Time and cost balance has been achieved.
The use of CNC machinery has become a groundbreaking technology in the manufacturing industry in recent years. CNC machines, which enable production molds to be obtained without any problems, are important in terms of minimizing operator errors and ensuring fast and error-free production.
Customer expectations can be met with CNC machines used in every field from aviation to the advertising industry. Those who want to use CNC machines better and improve their drawings can use AutoCad, CadCam, SolidWorks, 2DW, CNC3D, Fanuc, etc. They can learn to use the programs.
Numerical control (English: Numerical control, NC), or its full name computer numerical control (English: Computer numerical control, CNC), is the shaping of machining tools (such as drills, drilling tools, lathes) and 3D printers by automatically controlling them through a computer. It is the machining process that is in operation on the workpiece to be given. By following instructions programmed with codes, a CNC machine processes a workpiece based on a certain material (such as metal, plastic, wood, ceramics, or composite) to meet specifications, with more precision than manual, until it reaches the desired shape, without the need for a manual operator.
A CNC machine is a platform with multiple motors and precise maneuverability that is controlled by a computer according to its programmed instructions. Programmed instructions are written and sent to a CNC machine in the form of a sequential program of machine control codes, such as G-code and M-code, and the process is then started. Instructions can be written by one person or often with computer-aided graphic-design (CAD) software. Again in the case of 3D printers using G-codes, the object to be printed is “sliced” before the instructions are generated.
The fact that the CNC is controlled manually (using devices such as handwheels or levers) or mechanically by prefabricated pattern guides (cams) is a major improvement over other non-computerized machines. In modern CNC systems, the design and production of a mechanical object is highly automated. The mechanical dimensions of the object are defined using CAD software and then translated into production directives with computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) [en] software. The resulting directives are converted (by “post-processor” software) into the specific commands required for a particular machine to produce the component and then loaded into the CNC machine. Because any given component may require the use of many different tools—drills, saws, etc.—modern machines often combine multiple tools into a single “cell.” Other setups use a number of different machines with an external controller, human or robotic operators that move the component from machine to machine. In both cases, the sequence of steps required to produce any given object is completely automated and produces objects that closely match the original CAD.
Advantages:
* Adjustment, measurement, control, manual movement, etc. It is very rapid since there are no time-consuming operations such as
* Performs precise operations.
* No need for qualified people.
* The work tempo is always high and the same.
* All kinds of consumption are minimized.
* Personal errors caused by the operator are minimized.
Disadvantages:
* Requires a detailed manufacturing plan.
* Requires an expensive investment.
* The energy consumption per hour is high.
* It requires meticulous use and maintenance.
* Quality cutters that can withstand high cutting speeds must be used.
* Periodic maintenance should be carried out regularly by an expert and authorized person.
Energy and time savings can be achieved by performing mass production on CNC machines 24 hours a day. Cutting, drilling, hole enlargement or turning operations with very fine details on wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, plexi and composite surfaces can be delivered to the customer in a short time by placing them on a timetable.
1. CNC Lathe Machine (Lathe CNC Machine)
2. Milling CNC machine
3. Drilling CNC machine
4. Grinding CNC machine
5. Laser cutting CNC machine
6. Plasma cutting CNC machine
7. Electric discharge CNC machine
8. CNC Router
9. 5-axis CNC machine
10. 3D Printer